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Poland has been a member of the European UnionÌýsince 1ÌýMay 2004. A brief overview of the country’s political system, trade and economy and Poland as anÌýEU memberÌýstate can be viewed on .

Following the country's accession to the European Union and the opening of the labour market,Ìýthere has been a very significant wave of Polish migration toÌýthe United Kingdom. Between 2015 and 2018 Poland was the most common non-UK country of birth after taking over from India. Since then, Poland has been the second most common non-UK country of birth but despite this decrease, Polish has remained the most common non-UK nationality in the UK since 2007 with the estimated number in June 2020 of 815.000 (, Office for National Statistics). Between 2004 and 2014 the number of Polish nationals in the UK increased from around 69.000 to around 853.000Ìý(, 15 July 2016). As of June 2020 an estimated number of 127.000 Polish nationals lived in London (Office for National Statistics, ), down from the peak of 187.000 in 2016 (Office for National Statistics, ). In the year directly preceding Poland's accession to the EU, the estimated number of Poles living in London was 38.000 (Office for National Statistics, . Close to 70% of the Polish population in the UK are between the ages of 25 and 49 (Commons Library Briefing, 15 July 2016). TheÌýPolish population in the UK is, therefore, relatively young reflecting the predominantly economic character of the post-2004 Polish immigration wave to the UK.Ìý

Although the vast majority of the current Polish population in the UK has arrived in the country after the 2004 EU enlargement, a significant Polish community existed in the UK before that. In the 19th century a small number of Polish people, mostly the country's social elite and political exiles, emigrated to the United Kingdom following the partition of Poland between Russia, Prussia and the Austro-Hungarian empire and a number of failed Polish uprisings against the partitioning powers. The most famous Pole to arrive in Great Britain during this period wasÌýJózefÌýTeodor KonradÌýKorzeniowski, better known as Joseph Conrad. A large number of Poles migrating to Great Britain in the 19th century were of Jewish background. In the 20th century, the most significant influx to Britain from Poland took place with the outbreakÌýof the Second World War. Most of the Poles that arrived in Britain during that period were military and political emigres including the Polish Government in Exile that relocated to London after the fall of France. When a communist, Soviet-controlled government was installed in Poland, most of the WW2 emigres and exiles decidedÌýto stay in Britain and many joined them between the years 1946 and 1949. As Keith Sword points out in his book , this influx of Poles was well organised, had its own political and military leadership and a significant cultural and literary elite. It was mostly a military settlement and thus largely male and they were largely exiles and 'unwilling settlers' as opposed to the post EU accession wave.Ìý

Resources

Statistics

UK migration statistics and datasets

• / Dr Antonina TereshchenkoÌý - a research projectÌýfunded by the British Academy through the Newton International Fellowship, hosted by the Department of Education & Professional Studies at King’s College London; project report including statistical information and analysisÌý
• Ìý- Annual data on live births in England and Wales by parents' country of birth. Tables 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4 and 5 in the dataset for 2017 as well as some tables for earlier years include individual statistics for Poland.
• / Oliver Hawkins, Anna Moses - full report available to download.

Polish migration statistics

• Ìý/ÌýKonrad PÄ™dziwiatr, Jan Brzozowski. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych, 2018.

Academic research, publications and projects

Ìý

Doctoral theses: ¹û¶³Ó°Ôº

• Goodwin K.M. (2017) .
• Lopez Rodriguez, M. (2016) .
• Osipovic, D. (2010) .
• Parutis, V. A. (2009) .
• Young, S. R. J. (2018) .

Doctoral theses: other universities

• Bak-Klimek, A. (2015) . Edinburgh Napier University.
• Bielewska-Mensah, A. (2009) . Manchester Metropolitan University.
• Callender M. (2012) University of Northampton.
• Curie, S. J. (2006)Ìý . University of Liverpool.
• Harris, C. (2012) . University of Birmingham.
• Ignatowicz, A. (2012) . Aston University.
• Knight, J. (2013) . Cardiff University.
• Kozminska, K. (2016) . University of Oxford.
• Krawczyk, E. (2017) .ÌýUniversity of Surrey.
• McKeon, J. (2014) . De Montfort University.
• Rzepnikowska-Phillips, A. (2016) . University of Manchester.
• Selkirk, M. (2011) Influences on Polish migrants' responses to distress and decisions about whether or not to seek psychological help. University of Edinburgh.

Monographs

• Bielewska, A. (2012) . Oxford; New York: Peter Lang. SSEES CollectionÌý P.IV BIEÌý
• Burrell. K. (ed.) (2009). Aldershot: Ashgate. SSEES CollectionÌýP.IV POL
• Duda-Mikulin, E. A. (2019)Ìý . Bristol, UK: Bristol University Press. SSEES Collection P.XIX DUD
• Fleming, M.Ìý (ed.) (2018) . London: PUNO Press.
• Galka, J. (2016) . PoznaÅ„ : Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe. SSEES Collection P. XIX GAL; available also as Ìý
• Garapich,M. P. (2016) . Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verlag. SSEES Collection P.XIX GAR
• Kloc-Nowak, W. (2018) . Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Ìý
• Knight, J., Lever, J. and Thompson, A. (2017) . Cardiff: University of Wales Press. SSEES Collection P XIX KNI
• Kubal, A. (2012) . Farnham, Surrey, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. SSEES Collection P.IV KUB
• Plewko, J., Szymczak, W. and Adamczyk,T. (2018) . Lublin: Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana PawÅ‚a II. SSEES Collection P IV PLE
• Rostek, J. and Uffelmann, D. (2011) . Frankfurt, M; Bern: P. Lang.
• Stenning, A. and Slowik, A. (eds.) (2011) . Krakow: Impuls. SSEES Collection P XIX POS
• White, A. (2011) . Bristol, UK.: Policy Press. SSEESÌýCollection P XIX WHI

For articles in journals and book chapters see ¹û¶³Ó°Ôº SSEESÌýPolish Migration project website.

Academic projects and resources

• Polish Migrations, ¹û¶³Ó°Ôº SSEES - "A resource for anyone interested in contemporary Polish migration", website organizedÌýby ProfÌýAnne White
• - University of Surrey, Centre for Research on the European matrix project
• Ìý- University of LodzÌýproject (2011-2015) funded by the Polish national Science Centre (Narodowe Centrum Nauki)Ìý

Literature

For literature until 2015Ìýsee the University of Lodz Project: .

Polish authors

• Bakalar, A. M. (2017) . London: Jantar Publishing. SSEES Collection P..XXIV.7 BAKÌý
• Dale, A. (2017) . London: Jantar Publishing. SSEES Collection P.XXIV.7 DALÌý
• Engländer-Botten, A. (2018) . Gdynia: Novae Res. SSEES Collection P.XIX ENGÌýÌý
• Haber, A. (2017) . Poligraf.
• Kowal, M. (2018) . Pelplin: Wydawnictwo Bernardinum. SSEES Collection P.XIX KOW

British authors

• Lipman, J. (2016) . CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.Ìý

Audio-visual

British feature films and TV series

• The character of from
• The characters of Ìýand in ITV soap opera
• The character of Ìýin BBC mockumentary sitcom . She appeared in series 1 and 2, episodes Competition, The Website, Secret Location, Angel's Birthday and Weed Drought

Polish feature films and TV series

• Ìý[The Londoners] - Polish TV series about Polish immigrants in London; directed by GregÌýZglinskiÌýandÌýMaciejÌýMigas;Ìýfirst aired onÌýTVP1Ìýin 2008
• Ìý[Ode to Joy] -Ìý directed by AnnaÌýKazejak-Dawid, JanÌýKomasa,ÌýMaciejÌýMigas. Poland:ÌýGutekÌýFilm, 2006, film

Other

• - "borrows from the cinemaÌýveriteÌýand video bloggers to create a rare naturalism in style and performance. The fiction film watches as an experimental documentary told through the eyes (and lens) of amateur filmmaker Katie: an amateur rich kid followingÌýAlicja, an erratic unemployed Polish actress".ÌýDirected by EwaÌýBanaszkiewiczÌýandÌýMateuszÌýDymek. Warsaw Pact Films (UK), 2018, film

Radio and TV documentaries

• - "Gary Younge explores what Brexit means for Eastern Europeans living in the UK. In the second episode, Gary meets members of the Polish community in the north east of England", 12/09/2016
• - 28/10/2016Ìý

Media outlets and internet portals

TV

Radio

Newspapers and magazines

• - a leadingÌýPolish weekly in the UK published since 2004
• - the largest Polish language newspaper outside of Poland; print and online editions; articles in Polish and English
• - published since 2016, available in print and ; formerly Panorama Magazine
• - a monthlyÌý
• - the only Polish daily in the UK; published since 1940
• - a free Polish monthly published in London since 2002;Ìýprint and online editions

Internet portals

• Ìý- Polish news portal based in London
• - free online news and noticeboard service for the UK Polish communityÌý
• and - an advertising portal for Poles in the UK
• Ìý- free online news and noticeboard service for the Polish communityÌýin Newcastle, Sunderland, Darlington and Middlesbrough
• Ìý- a social media platform aimed at Poles in the UK
• Ìý- a free monthly magazineÌý
• - news and advertising portal for Poles in the UK
• - news portal integrated with social media platform aimed at Poles in the UK
• Ìý

Organisations

Polish organisations in the UK

• (the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum) - Polish cultural and historical institution in London housing archives related mainly to the Polish government in exile and the Polish Armed Forces in the West (Polskie SiÅ‚y Zbrojne na Zachodzie)
• Ìý- an organisation supporting Polish education in Great BritainÌý
• - Polish Social and Cultural Association. Numerous Polish organisations are located in the POSK building, including (Polski Uniwersytet na Obczyznie), Ìý(Instytut PiÅ‚sudskiego w Londynie), Ìýand Ìý(ZjednoczenieÌýPolskie w Wielkiej Brytanii). POSKÌýhouses Polish theatre, Polish cafe and restaurant and a jazz club.Ìý
• Ìý- "The function of the Polish Cultural Institute is to showcase contemporary Polish culture for Britain's multicultural audience, particularly in London [...] programme covers the visual arts, film, theatre, music and literature"
• Ìý(The Polish Hearth)Ìý-Ìý"one of London’s oldest Polish Clubs which today hosts a variety of theatrical, musical and other cultural events"
• Ìý- a Polish charity organisation in Lewisham, London supporting local Polish community
• Ìý
• - "an organisation of Polish professionals who are committed to building a well connected and successful Polish diaspora in Europe"
• Ìý- Polish organisation in Liverpool supporting Polish community in Norh-WestÌýEngland.Ìý
• Ìý- a Polish charity organisation in Northwest of EnglandÌý

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